【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforHigh-ResolutionGamma-RaySpectrometryofSoilSamples
【原文标准名称】:土壤样品的高分辨率γ射线光谱测定法的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMC1402-2004(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C26.05
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Gamma-rayspectrometry;High-resolutiongamma-rayspectralanalysis;Soil(radioactiveanalysis);Soilsampling
【摘要】:Gamma-rayspectrometryofsoilsamplesisusedtoidentifyandquantifycertaingamma-rayemittingradionuclides.Useofagermaniumsemiconductordetectorisnecessaryforhigh-resolutiongamma-raymeasurements.Muchofthedataacquisitionandanalysiscanbeautomatedwiththeuseofcommerciallyavailablesystemsthatincludebothhardwareandsoftware.ForageneraldescriptionofthetypicalhardwareinmoredetailthandiscussedinSection6,seeRef(19).Bothqualitativeandquantitativeanalysesmaybeperformedusingthesamemeasurementdata.Theproceduresdescribedinthisguidemaybeusedforawidevarietyofactivitylevels,fromnaturalbackgroundlevelsandfallout-typeproblems,todeterminingtheeffectivenessofcleanupeffortsafteraspilloranindustrialaccident,totracingcontaminationatolderproductionsites,wherewasteswerepurposelydisposedofinsoil.Insomecases,thecombinationofradionuclideidentitiesandconcentrationratioscanbeusedtodeterminethesourceoftheradioactivematerials.Collectingsamplesandbringingthemtoadataacquisitionsystemforanalysismaybeusedastheprimarymethodtodetectdepositionofradionuclidesinsoil.Forobtainingarepresentativesetofsamplesthatcoveraparticulararea,seePracticeC998.Soilcanalsobemeasuredbytakingthedataacquisitionsystemtothefieldandmeasuringthesoilinplace(insitu).Insitumeasurementtechniquesarenotdiscussedinthisguide.1.1Thisguidecoverstheidentificationandquantitativedeterminationofgamma-rayemittingradionuclidesinsoilsamplesbymeansofgamma-rayspectrometry.Itisapplicabletonuclidesemittinggammarayswithanapproximateenergyrangeof20to2000keV.Fortypicalgamma-rayspectrometrysystemsandsampletypes,activitylevelsofabout5Bq(135pCi)aremeasuredeasilyformostnuclides,andactivitylevelsaslowas0.1Bq(2.7pCi)canbemeasuredformanynuclides.Itisnotapplicabletoradionuclidesthatemitnogammarayssuchasthepurebeta-emittingradionuclideshydrogen-3,carbon-14,strontium-90,andbecquerelquantitiesofmosttransuranics.Thisguidedoesnotaddresstheinsitumeasurementtechniques,wheresoilisanalyzedinplacewithoutsampling.GuidanceforinsitutechniquescanbefoundinRef(1)and(2).Thisguidealsodoesnotdiscussmethodsfordetermininglowerlimitsofdetection.SuchdiscussionscanbefoundinRefs(3),(4),(5),and(6).1.2Thisguidecanbeusedforeitherquantitativeorrelativedeterminations.Forquantitativeassay,theresultsareexpressedintermsofabsoluteactivitiesoractivityconcentrationsoftheradionuclidesfoundtobepresent.Thisguidemayalsobeusedforqualitativeidentificationofthegamma-rayemittingradionuclidesinsoilwithoutattemptingtoquantifytheiractivities.Itcanalsobeusedtoonlydeterminetheirlevelofactivitiesrelativetoeachotherbutnotinanabsolutesense.GeneralinformationonradioactivityanditsmeasurementmaybefoundinRefs(7),(8),(9),(10),and(11)andStandardTestMethodsE181.Informationonspecificapplicationsofgamma-rayspectrometryisalsoavailableinRefs(12)or(13).PracticeD3649maybeavaluablesourceofinformation.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.4Thiss......
【中国标准分类号】:Z18
【国际标准分类号】:13_080_20
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Materialsforprintedboardsandotherinterconnectingstructures-Part3-3:Sectionalspecificationsetforunreinforcedbasematerials,cladandunclad(intendedforflexibleprintedboards)-Adhesivecoatedflexiblepolyesterfilm
【原文标准名称】:印制板和其他互连结构用材料第3-3部分:包层和非包层非增强基材(用于挠性印制板)的分规范集粘着的涂覆挠性聚酯薄膜
【标准号】:IEC61249-3-3-1999
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:1999-02
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际电工委员会(IX-IEC)
【起草单位】:IEC/TC91
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:基底材料;聚酯纤维;柔性材料;互连结构;粘着性的;导电材料;印制电路;导电体;印制电路板;电导性;电气工程
【英文主题词】:Adhesive;Basematerials;Conductivematerials;Conductivity;Electricconductors;Electricalengineering;Flexiblematerials;Interconnectionstructures;Polyesterfabric;Polyesterfoils;Printedcircuits;Printed-circuitboards
【摘要】:Thisspecificationgivesrequirementsforflexiblepolyester(PETP)filmscoatedononesideorbothwithpolyester,acrylicorepoxidetypeadhesiveforuseinthefabricationofflexibleprintedwiring.Filmscoatedononlyonesideareusedasacoverlayorcovercoatinthefabricationofflexibleprintedwiring.Thiscoverlayorcovercoatisalsousedtoprovidelocalsupporttoareassubjectedtomechanicalorenvironmentalstress.Filmscoatedonbothsidesareusedasbondingfilmsinthefabricationofprintedboards.
【中国标准分类号】:L30
【国际标准分类号】:31_180
【页数】:13P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语